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-ADY "A Regular Guy On The Issues"
It is utterly absurd to pretend that debts to the amount of twenty-five hundred millions of dollars are binding upon thirty-five or forty millions of people, when there is not a particle of legitimate evidence — such as would be required to prove a private debt — that can be produced against any one of them, that either he, or his properly authorized attorney, ever contracted to pay one cent.He has a point. I can’t recall ever registering such consent — or being asked to, for that matter. Can you? Aren’t we taught that the “consent of the governed” is a sacred American principle?
Certainly, neither the whole people of the United States, nor any number of them, ever separately or individually contracted to pay a cent of these debts.
How, then, is it possible, on any general principle of law or reason, that debts that are binding upon nobody individually, can be binding upon forty millions of people collectively, when, on general and legitimate principles of law and reason, these forty millions of people neither have, nor ever had, any corporate property? never made any corporate or individual contract? and neither have, nor ever had, any corporate existence?It seems that this is not possible. “Who, then, created these debts, in the name of ‘the United States’?” he asks.
Why, at most, only a few persons, calling themselves “members of Congress,” etc., who pretended to represent “the people of the United States,” but who really represented only a secret band of robbers and murderers, who wanted money to carry on the robberies and murders in which they were then engaged; and who intended to extort from the future people of the United States, by robbery and threats of murder (and real murder, if that should prove necessary), the means to pay these debts.Here, when Spooner says the members of Congress only “pretended to represent” Americans at large, he is referring to his earlier point that because the ballot is secret, we really don’t know whom these alleged representatives actually represent, that is, whose agents they really are.
The money, therefore, was all borrowed and lent in the dark; that is, by men who did not see each other’s faces, or know each other’s names; who could not then, and cannot now, identify each other as principals in the transactions; and who consequently can prove no contract with each other.But this is just the beginning of the problems with the so-called public debt.
Furthermore, the money was all lent and borrowed for criminal purposes; that is, for purposes of robbery and murder; and for this reason the contracts were all intrinsically void; and would have been so, even though the real parties, borrowers and lenders, had come face to face, and made their contracts openly, in their own proper names.And how is this borrowed money to be repaid?
Having no corporate property with which to pay what purports to be their corporate debts, this secret band of robbers and murderers are really bankrupt. They have nothing to pay with. In fact, they do not propose to pay their debts otherwise than from the proceeds of their future robberies and murders. These are confessedly their sole reliance; and were known to be such by the lenders of the money, at the time the money was lent. And it was, therefore, virtually a part of the contract, that the money should be repaid only from the proceeds of these future robberies and murders. For this reason, if for no other, the contracts were void from the beginning.In fact, Spooner continues,
these apparently two classes, borrowers and lenders, were really one and the same class. They borrowed and lent money from and to themselves. They themselves were not only part and parcel, but the very life and soul, of this secret band of robbers and murderers, who borrowed and spent the money. Individually they furnished money for a common enterprise; taking, in return, what purported to be corporate promises for individual loans. The only excuse they had for taking these so-called corporate promises of, for individual loans by, the same parties, was that they might have some apparent excuse for the future robberies of the band (that is, to pay the debts of the corporation), and that they might also know what shares they were to be respectively entitled to out of the proceeds of their future robberies.When Spooner rips away the veil, we are left with the fact that a group of unknown profit-seeking principals authorize their agents to use the former’s money in order to, among other things, extort a larger sum of money from a larger group of people who never consented to an arrangement in the first place. And it is all done, dishonestly, in the name of that larger group with the fraudulent words “government of the people, by the people, for the people.” It’s the greatest swindle ever perpetrated.
if these debts had been created for the most innocent and honest purposes, and in the most open and honest manner, by the real parties to the contracts, these parties could thereby have bound nobody but themselves, and no property but their own. They could have bound nobody that should have come after them, and no property subsequently created by, or belonging to, other persons.The debt, then, was and is illegitimately incurred. The lenders, who voluntarily entered into this relationship with government officials, should have known that. Perhaps the lenders should sue those officials and collect damages from the officials’ personal property, but it seems more accurate to think of them as Spooner did: as accomplices in crime. (See section XVIII of his essay.)
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| March 2, 2013 The Sequestration Boondoggle Dear Friends,
No, this isn't a recap of the nightmare scenarios concocted by Y2K maniacs some 13 years ago. Instead, this is what the White House itself has said about puny and largely mythical cuts that will occur with the deadly plague known as "sequestration." It's nothing short of a "devastating list of horribles" -- something even worse than being subjected to another 40,000 "Harlem Shake" videos going viral on YouTube. What's funny (to me) is that most people could not care less. This is what The Associated Press reports, based on an analysis of Google search trends and polls: "You can only cry wolf so many times before people just stop paying attention. The White House is determined to change that, using the automatic cuts to show us all how much we truly need the government to be as big as possible and how even the smallest cuts will wreak havoc on our lives. Just how much of a myth is alive here? The Heritage Foundation sums it up. In the last 10 years, federal spending has gone from $2 trillion to $3.5 trillion. In the next 10, the budget will grow to $6 trillion. That's a devastating cut as far as D.C. is concerned. Within the Beltway, this is known as the Washington Monument Ploy. It's the most popular attraction in the nation's capital. The White House loves to close it up at the smallest excuse, leaving people who have traveled for days stuck in long lines. The goal is to impart this lesson: Pay your taxes and shut up, else we will take from you lots of things you love. The thing ought to be sold to a restaurant franchise or maybe Walgreens or CVS so that we could get 24/7 service, as we do in the private sector. Instead, they will keep it as a way to continue the public blackmail of taxpayers. Everything government does is useful for that purpose. To be fair, however, there's more than malice at work here. Government does have a serious problem in dealing with any cutbacks, something the private sector doesn't face. In a private business, you have metrics to know the most and least profitable lines of production. These data inform managers what is most important and what is least important. In this way, you can know how to cut in a manner that is least socially harmful. This is the rational approach made possible by the balance sheet, the glorious invention of double-entry accounting, and the profit-and-loss system. These tools provide to business a kind of GPS for dealing with austerity. The people who pay are the managers, not the consumers. For this reason, bankruptcies in the private sector can come as a surprise to people. One day you are happily shopping at Kmart, and the next day the thing is belly up, seemingly without warning. A closer look reveals years of austerity, but consumers didn't really feel it. That's the brilliance of the private sector at work. It makes the customer king as long as possible. Government has a completely different approach. It's no one's fault. It's just built into the system. Government gets its money by taking it from you and me. Then it spends it on what it wants. Its accounting system merely tries to keep up with the comings and goings, with no relationship between the two. The "consumers" of government's goods and services are not really the payers of those goods and services. The payers may or may not get anything in return. Why not just cut "waste and abuse"? Sounds reasonable. The trouble is that no one knows for sure what is waste from an economic point of view. As for abuse, that's the whole system. In other words, the whole system is set up on an arbitrary method of accounting. It doesn't reveal what is socially desirable. It doesn't reveal what, if anything, is actually profitable. In this system, in fact, there is nothing we can call profit or loss. It is just a system of take and give, nothing more. What makes it even more egregious is that the people who are taken from have no choice in the matter, so government has absolutely no incentive to cut anything, ever. The system of sequestration -- blunt cuts to anything and everything -- is the most horrible and economically irrational system, except for every other system. In government, there is no rational way to cut the budget in a manner that makes any economic sense. This is because no one really knows what is or isn't valuable. It is the complete opposite of the private sector in this respect. Here's the secret to understanding this problem. You know how systemwide socialism is a total mess, doesn't work, creates economic chaos and poverty, disincentivizes production, and generally leads to massive stagnation, to heck with the population? Well, government bureaucracy is a smaller version of the same. And it fails for the same reason. Mises, writing in his 1922 book Socialism, sums it up: "For all its officiousness, such a bureaucracy offers a classic example of human indolence. Nothing stirs when no external stimulus is present." [Ed. Note: Ludwig von Mises' critique of socialism does much more than refute the economics of socialism. It's a timely reminder that demonstrates government intervention not only makes innovation impossible, it also creates economic chaos that destroys progress. One of the perks of the Laissez Faire Club is access to classic works that you won't find in your average bookstore. And membership to the Club gives you access to over 40 titles at your fingertips on the very first day, in multiple e-book formats, allowing you to access them from a number of popular e-readers and tablet computers. We know that having a collection like this can be daunting. That's why we've done the legwork to help guide you in your reading. Along with a new e-book every other week, we'll also provide you with a helpful 12-Minute Executive Summary. In each summary, Jeffrey Tucker highlights the most important aspects of each Club selection. These alone could save you hours, freeing you to spend time with friends and family. Or maybe you can convince your liberal neighbor that government isn't the solution to all our problems. Finally, membership includes access to the exclusive Laissez Faire Club member forums. There you'll find other like-minded individuals looking for (and sharing) legal ways around government regulations. These forums embody the spirit and ideas of the Laissez Faire Club. All activity is strictly private, and we'll never share any information about Club members or what they post. Click here to see if the Laissez Faire Club is right for you.] Whatever else is wrong with sequestration, at least it is some external stimulus, some outside influence on the hallowed walls of control and stagnation. My prediction is that no one will notice these cuts for a while. But after a week or two, government is going to get annoyed that no one cares that it suffered a tiny wound. Then things are going to get rough. The passport offices will cut back their hours. The customs lines are going to get long. School districts will not be getting their checks. TSA lines are going to lengthen. Payment processing will slow to a crawl. These functions are tiny compared with the overall budget. What's important is that they are things people rely on, and therefore, they will take the hit. It's intimidation with the attempt to manipulate public opinion. They have all the power and you have none. That's how they will get away with this. Then the finger-pointing will begin. And guess who will bear the brunt? It will be the Republicans, not the Democrats. It will be Congress, not the White House. Public opinion will shift and people will start screaming. The budget cutters will get scared. They will back down. Taxes could be raised yet again, another blow right in the middle of the great economic stagnation. Look for it. I hope I'm wrong, of course. We shall see. It all comes down to this: There is no economically rational way to cut the budget of a bureaucracy. Lacking that, government will do what it does best, which is to make you suffer as much as possible. Jeffrey Tucker Thank you for reading Laissez Faire Today. We greatly value your questions and comments. Click here to send us feedback. | ||